LINUX(Debian)开发环境初始化
目录
1 Debian
1.1 download
1.2 install
- usb stick: https://d-i.debian.org/manual/en.amd64/ch04s03.html#usb-copy-isohybrid
- sdc is usb block device file:
sudo cp debian-10.6.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso /dev/sdc sudo sync sudo eject /dev/sdc
- insert usb stick and loader from usb
- select install(not graphical install)
2 Network
wireless card firmware MAY not installed, so no network can be builded. Find the missing firmware:
### MUST BE root ~# dmesg | grep "firmware.*failed" ### Or ~# grep "firmware.*failed" /var/log/messages Dec 27 03:32:03 x1 kernel: [ 4.456922] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode failed with error -2 Dec 27 03:33:07 x1 kernel: [ 55.124505] bluetooth hci0: Direct firmware load for intel/ibt-11-5.sfi failed with error -2 Dec 27 03:40:37 x1 kernel: [ 1.518927] i915 0000:00:02.0: Direct firmware load for i915/skl_dmc_ver1_27.bin failed with error -2
Download linux-firmware git repo by other net-connected computer:
## In other computer ~$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git # then copy the linux-firmware to usbstick and transfer to the new debian computer.
For example with 2016 x1 carbon, copy iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode to /lib/firmware:
~# cp linux-firmware/iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode /lib/firmware/ ~# cp --parents intel/ibt-11-5.sfi /lib/firmware/ ~# /sbin/reboot
Now connect to your WIFI.
3 Config /etc/apt/sources.list
Visit http://deb.debian.org is very slow in China. Use the mirror site.
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
Candidate mirror:
- 163: http://mirrors.163.com/debian/
- huawei: https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/
- tencent: http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/
- ustc: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/
- tsinghua: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/
- lzu: http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/
- sjtu: https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/
4 System config
- download from github:
~$ git clone git@github.com:yygcode/system-config ~$ cd system-config ~$ ./install.sh -f ### -f means force overwrite file if exist
5 Install packages
Pleapse set /etc/apt/sources.list first.
~$ su ~# apt update ~# yes | sudo apt-get install gcc tmux terminator manpages manpages-dev \ manpages-zh manpages-posix manpages-posix-dev \ gconf-service gconf2-common libappindicator1 libdbusmenu-glib4 \ libdbusmenu-gtk4 libgconf-2-4 libindicator7 \ libappindicator3-0.1-cil ntp autoconf automake libtool cmake \ info texinfo texi2html gettext gettext-doc autopoint \ libasprintf-dev libgettextpo-dev libxaw7-dev libxaw3dxft8-dev \ libxaw-doc libxt-doc libx11-dev libgtk3.0-cil-dev libwxgtk3.0-dev \ libgnutls28-dev libtiff5-dev giflib-tools libgif-dev libjpeg-dev \ gmp-doc libgmp10-doc libmpfr-dev gnutls-doc gnutls-bin liblzma-doc \ libtinfo-dev libncursesw5-dev libncurses5-dev mailutils \ mailutils-doc xaw3dg-dev libcairo2-dev librsvg2-dev \ liblcms2-dev imagemagick libmagick++-dev libdbus-1-dev \ libdbus-glib-1-dev libdbus-c++-dev gconf2 libgconf2-dev \ libm17n-dev libotf-dev libxft-dev libcairo2-dev \ gir1.2-poppler-0.18 libpoppler-dev libpoppler-glib-dev \ libpoppler-dev libpoppler-glib-dev libpoppler-private-dev \ global fcitx-googlepinyin fonts-arphic-bkai00mp fonts-arphic-bsmi00lp \ fonts-arphic-gbsn00lp fonts-arphic-gkai00mp fonts-arphic-ukai \ rdesktop mplayer ffmpeg vlc mjpegtools fonts-liberation flameshot \ libssl-dev
6 Keymap
Change Caps and Ctrl:
6.1 vconsole
~$ cat ~/Caps2Ctrl.map keymaps 0-127 keycode 58 = Control keycode 29 = Caps_Lock ~$ sudo loadkeys ~/Caps2Ctrl.map
6.2 gnome
- Search 'tweak' -> 'Keyboard & mouse' -> Additional Layout Options
- Control position - Swap Ctrl and Caps Lock
7 Shortcuts
- Search 'Keyboard' in gnome, Select keyboard to add additional shortcuts.
- emacs-gui: TERM=xterm LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 emacs; Ctrl-Super-E
- Screenshot: flameshot gui; Shitf-Alt-A
- terminator: terminator; Ctrl-Super-T
8 google chrome
Install chrome:
- Download chrome: https://www.google.cn/chrome/?standalone=1
- download the deb google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
- install by dpkg: sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
~$ sudo apt-get install fonts-liberation libappindicator3-1 ~$ sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb ~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install # run if fail
9 fcitx
- Run dpkg to add locales
~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales ## Select en_US.UTF-8, zh_CN.UTF-8
- Run Fcitx Configuration
- Input method add and disable 'Only show current language'
- Input method add 'Google pinyin'
- Global config, Trigger input method set to 'Ctrl-Alt-Space'
- Reboot
- Try 'Ctrl-Alt-Space' switch to google-pinyin
10 emacs
- download and compile
~$ git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/emacs.git ~$ cd emacs ~$ git checkout emacs-27.1 ~$ ./configure --without-pop --with-mailutils ~$ make -j2 && sudo make install
- config
~$ git@github.com:yygcode/.emacs.d # Use https if you are not contributor: ~$ https://github.com/yygcode/.emacs.d.git
- Start emacs
- MAY need restart multi times
- Need set LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 if start emacs in X windows
- Run emacs daemon
~$ emacs --daemon
11 gcc and g++ manpages
11.1 gcc
debian8还没有gcc-doc，可以用之前版本的，把下列两行加到/etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free
执行update然后install:
~$ sudo apt update ~$ sudo apt install -t buster-backports gcc-doc
11.2 g++
下载manpages，解压到 /usr/share/man/man3/目录：
~$ wget --continue --tries=0 --timeout=10 ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/libstdc++/doxygen//libstdc++-man.4.4.0.tar.bz2 ~$ tar xvf libstdc++-man.4.4.0.tar.bz2 ~$ cd libstdc++-man.4.4.0 ~$ cp man3/* /usr/share/man/man3/
试试：man std::iostream.
12 Music
Download neteaseCloudMusic(网易云音乐):
wget --continue --tries=0 --timeout=10 http://d1.music.126.net/dmusic/netease-cloud-music_1.2.1_amd64_ubuntu_20190428.deb sudo dpkg -i netease-cloud-music_1.2.1_amd64_ubuntu_20190428.deb
可以使用wine安装Windows版本，CPU使用比较高，在我的X1 Carbon上占用2个cpu核，1个80%，另一个40%左右。
13 Misc
13.1 Switch only in current workspace
[yanyg@x1{192.168.1.109} ~/Downloads ] <2020-12-29 23:14:17>
$ gsettings get org.gnome.shell.app-switcher current-workspace-only
false
[yanyg@x1{192.168.1.109} ~/Downloads ] <2020-12-29 23:15:40>
$ gsettings set org.gnome.shell.app-switcher current-workspace-only true
[yanyg@x1{192.168.1.109} ~/Downloads ] <2020-12-29 23:15:45>
$ gsettings get org.gnome.shell.app-switcher current-workspace-only
true
13.2 login screen resolution
登录界面的分辨率会导致休眠唤醒时，terminator分辨率异常，需要重新退出-进入全屏。 设置登录界面的分辨率和当前登录用户的一致：
~$ sudo cp ~/.config/monitors.xml /var/lib/gdm3/.config/
13.3 disable auto upgrade
sudo systemctl disable unattended-upgrades.service sudo systemctl stop unattended-upgrades.service